界定:
情态动词是一种自身有一定的词意,但是与动词原形一起应用,给谓语动词增加神态颜色,表达說話人对相关个人行为或事物的心态和观点,觉得其将会、应当或必需等。
情态动词后边加动词原形。
归类:
情态动词有四类:
①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might),ought to
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare
③可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),will(would)
④具备情态动词特点:have(had) to,used to
部位:
情态动词在句中放到谓语动词以前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词以前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语以前。
I can see you. Come here.
我能看到你,回来吧。
He must have been away.
他一定离开了。
What can I do for you?
我能帮你不?
How dare you treat us like that!
你怎能那般看待人们!
特性:
情态动词没有人称和数的转变, 情态动词后边跟的动词要用原形,否认式组成是在情态动词后边加 "not"。 某些情态动词有如今式和过去时二种方式, 过去时用于表述更为客套, 婉转的语调, 时态性较弱, 可用以以往,如今或未来。情态动词属非及物动词,故沒有被动语态。情态动词沒有非谓语方式,即沒有不定式,词性标注,等方式。
He could be here soon.
他迅速就来。
We can't carry the heavy box.
人们搬没动那小箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.
抱歉,我帮不了你。
基础助动词与神态助动词最关键的差别之一是,基础助动词自身沒有词意,而神态助动词则有自身的词意,能表达說話人对相关姿势或情况的观点,或表达主观性构想:
What have you been doing since? (组成进行开展体,自身无词意)
I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)
You may have read some account of the matter. (也许早已)
此外,神态助动词也有以下词法和语法特点:
1) 除ought和used之外,别的情态动词后边只有接不带to的不定式。假如人们把ought to和used to看作是固定不动短语得话,那麼,全部情态动词无一例外地只有接不带to的不定式:
We used to grow beautiful roses.
I asked if he would come and repair my television set.
2) 神态助动词在限制动词短语一直稳居第一:
They need not have been punished so severely.
3) 神态助动词用以第三人称单数现在时的那时候,沒有词形变化,即其词尾无-s方式:
She dare not say what she thinks.
4) 情态动词沒有非限制方式,即沒有不定式和词性标注方式,都没有相对的动名词:
Still, she needn't have run away.
5) 神态助动词的“时”的方式并非時间差别的关键标示。在许多场所,神态助动词的现在时和过去时方式都能够表达如今、以往或未来時间:
Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?
She told him he ought not to have done it.
6) 神态助动词中间是互相抵触的,即在一个限制动词短语中只有出現一个神态助动词,但有时候却能够 与have和be基础助动词并用:
You should have washed the wound.
Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.
使用方法
最先这是动词,并且有别于个人行为动词,个人行为动词表达的是能够 根据个人行为来表述的姿势(如写,读,跑),而情态动词仅仅表述的一种念头(如能,或许,敢)。
使用方法是:情态动词+个人行为动词原形
词组:I can read this sentence in English.
我能用英语读这话。
情态动词是一种自身有一定的词意,表达說話人的心态,心态或语调的动词,但不可以独立作谓语, 只有和别的动词原形组成谓语。
We can be there on time tomorrow.人们明日能准时去那儿。
May I have your name? 我能了解你的名字.吗?
Shall we begin now?人们如今就刚开始吗?
You must obey the school rules.你务必遵循校规。
情态动词总数很少,但主要用途普遍,关键有以下:
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.
作用
助动词(auxiliary)关键有两大类:基础助动词(primary auxiliary)和神态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基础助动词有三个:do, have和be;神态助动词有十三个:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 所述两大类助动词的相互特点是,在帮助主动词组成限制动词短语时,具备功效词的作用:
1) 组成否认式:
He didn't go and neither did she.
The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock.
2) 组成疑惑式或额外疑惑式:
Must you leave right now?
You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you?
3) 组成修辞倒装:
Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.
4) 替代限制动词短语:
A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?
B: Tom can.
A: Shall I write to him?
B: Yes, do.
情态动词的使用方法关键点
一. can和could
情态动词
使用方法
词组
can/could
表达工作能力(精力、专业知识、专业技能)
(表达以往有工作能力用could)
1.“I don’t think Mike can type.”
2.I can speak fluent English now
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